UNIX Permission Quick Reference Table (r) Read (w) Write (x) Execute (r) (w) (x) Owner 400 200 100 700 Group 040 020 010 070 World 004 002 001 007 444 222 111 777 If your having problems editing stuff in your home directory chown -r user:user ~user should get things back to normal. Just don't do anything like chown -r user:user ~user/.* in an attempt to change permissions on your dot files. Heh...whoops :) If you do own the file (ls -l file) you may just need to chage the permissions (see table) chmod 600 file will give you read/write access to the file and no access for grop or world. As for needing root as a normal user, I use sudo. In /etc/sudoers i look like: luser ALL= NOPASSWD: ALL (I put the no password in cause I'm lazy.) sudo is a great tool for programs that need root access. Like me, I'm too lazy to get cd burning as a non root user and my brother wants to burn cd's: User_Alias BURNERS = luser0, luser1, luser2 Cmnd_Alias CDBURN = /usr/bin/xcdroast, /usr/bin/cdrecord, /usr/bin/mkisofs, /usr/bin/cdparanoia, /usr/bin/gcombust, /usr/bin/gtoaster BURNERS ALL = NOPASSWD: CDBURN With that, luser0, luser2, and luser3 can run sudo gtoaster and burn a cd. They don't even have to enter a password. 9With sudo, you enter your password not roots) I'm sure others have better ideas, but that's what I do on my home machine. Andrew S. Zbikowski | http://www.ringworld.org "We can learn much more from wise words, little from wisecracks and less from wise guys." --William Arthur Ward